SDS Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate CAS 151-21-3

SLS is an amphiphilic structure compound with different hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups in the molecule. It is a commonly used solubilizer and co-solvent in pharmaceutical preparations.

The research of Li Hua et al. showed that adding SLS to aspirin tablet prescription can play a certain solubilizing effect and promote the dissolution of aspirin.
Li Ye et al. investigated the effect of SLS on the dissolution of quercetin, and the results showed that under alkaline conditions, SLS had a solubilizing effect on quercetin.
Fan Yong et al. studied the solubilization effect of SLS micelle system on nitrobenzene and found that the solubilization amount of nitrobenzene increased with the increase of SLS concentration.
Yang Yuting et al. studied the effect of SLS on the in vitro dissolution of silymarin, and the results showed that SLS had a strong solubilizing effect on silymarin.
Yu Chaofeng et al. used SLS and mesoporous silica as carriers to prepare tadalafil solid dispersions, in which SLS could significantly improve the apparent solubility and dissolution of the drug.

However, Guo et al. used SLS in a ritonavir tablet formulation to improve the wettability of the drug product, and the results showed that the solubility of the sample in acidic media dropped sharply. In order to explain this unexpected phenomenon, Guo et al. conducted systematic studies, including solubility determination, intrinsic dissolution measurement, dissolution determination in artificial gastric and duodenal devices, and solid-state characterization. Formation of insoluble ritonavir-SLS complexes. It can be seen that although SLS is a conventional solubilizer, there are also abnormal situations in different drug prescriptions, so it should be paid attention to in the process of drug development.

Adding an appropriate amount of SLS to the tablet can improve the wettability of the tablet, accelerate the penetration of water, increase the dissolution rate of the drug, and make the tablet disintegrate faster. Zhang Hanzhong et al. studied the effect of various disintegrants on the disintegration time of compound sulfamethoxazole tablets, and found that using SLS and dry starch as disintegrants at the same time is more conducive to the disintegration of the tablets.

SLS is a commonly used emulsifier in emulsions and is used to formulate O/W emulsion bases. The HLB value of SLS is about 40, and the commonly used dosage is 5-20 g·L-1, but the excessive dosage has little effect on reducing the surface tension. It is often used in combination with other W/O emulsifiers (glycerol monostearate, fatty acid sorbitan, etc.) to adjust the HLB value of the cream system, and the emulsification effect is better. Wang Zhenjiong et al. proved through dynamic time scanning experiments that the addition of SLS is beneficial to weaken the hydrogen bonding force between starch molecules and promote the grafting reaction between starch and monomers, thereby improving the adhesive properties and stability of starch latex.

Gulibahar Kawuli et al. screened out the preferred emulsifier of progesterone cream by means of an orthogonal experimental design method, which is composed of 50 g·L-1 dodecyl sulfate. A mixed emulsifier consisting of sodium and 10 g·L-1 glycerol monostearate. Yi Panpan et al. studied the effect of the amount of SLS on the properties of the styrene-acrylic emulsion. The results showed that with the increase of the amount of SLS, the gel fraction of the emulsion and the particle size of the latex particles gradually decreased, the particle size distribution narrowed, and the monomer The conversion rate, absolute value of Zeta potential and emulsion viscosity increased gradually, and the stability became better.

SLS can disintegrate the cell membrane, which binds to the hydrophobic portion of membrane proteins and separates from the membrane. Studies have shown that high concentrations of SLS can also disrupt non-covalent bonds such as ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds in proteins, and even change the conformation of proteins. SLS has an antibacterial effect against Gram-positive bacteria and is more effective against Staphylococcus aureus.

Lu Xiali et al. studied the killing effect of the disinfectant levulinic acid-SLS on Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis standard strain H37Rv. The results showed that a certain concentration range of levulinic acid-SLS increased with time Prolonged, the killing effect on Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium smegmatis gradually increased.

SLS can be used as a lubricant in general solid preparations, and the general dosage is 10-30 g·kg-1. Dun et al. applied an appropriate amount of SLS to a medicinal powder mixture of celecoxib tablets, and the results showed that the lubricating efficiency was comparable to that of magnesium stearate, but did not reduce the compressibility of the tablet. Tablets containing SLS also improved in vitro dissolution compared to magnesium tablets.

Studies have shown that SLS itself has anti-static properties and is suitable for use in pellet coating. During most of the time of pellet coating, the surface of pellets is in a slightly wet state, and the partially dissociated SLS has a certain conductivity, which is beneficial to eliminate static electricity. Generally, 5-10 g·L- 1 SLS can achieve the effect of anti-static.

The coating material requires stable properties, non-toxicity, elasticity, no cracks, and no influence on disintegration. Adding SLS to the coating powder is beneficial to improve the performance of the coating powder. In addition, adding SLS to gelatin can increase the gloss of the capsule shell. It is suggested that in the analysis of the original research formula, if the original research reference preparation contains SLS ingredients, it may also be that the coating layer or capsule shell of the original research preparation contains SLS. Therefore, a comprehensive and comprehensive reverse analysis should be done during the preparation research process.

The latest guidance of the International Council for Harmonization of Medicines for Human Use (ICH) “Bioequivalence Waivers Based on the Biopharmaceutical Classification System” clearly states that SLS may affect the absorption of drugs, and the risk of affecting drug absorption should be assessed based on the mechanism.

He Shenghong et al. studied the effect of absorption enhancers on the absorption of matrine in the small intestine by the method of inverting the intestinal pouch, and found that adding 2 g·kg-1 of SLS could increase the in vitro small intestinal absorption of matrine.
Ren Jing et al. studied the effect of absorption enhancers on the transmembrane transport of chlorogenic acid, and the results showed that the absorption promoting ability of SLS, ox bile salts, and carbomer decreased in order: SLS > ox bile salt > carbomer um.
Yao Xiaomei et al. found in a comparative test of the transdermal effect of different penetration enhancers on amlodipine gel, 10 g·kg-1 SLS and 20 g·kg-1 propylene glycol can promote amlodipine gel to varying degrees. The transdermal absorption effect is better, and the combined effect of the two is better.

However, an article published by the US FDA expounded the effect of 14 commonly used excipients on gastrointestinal permeability, which pointed out that when the amount of SLS was less than 50 mg, the absorption of cimetidine and acyclovir would not be affected. Hansen et al found that SLS could reduce the permeability of caffeine and diazepam when studying the permeability of buccal mucosa. The above research results show that whether SLS has a promoting effect on drug absorption cannot be generalized, and specific drugs should be analyzed in detail.